Pakistan is officially called the Islamic Republic of Pakistan. The name Pakistan, Pak (pure) and stan (land) means ‘land of the pure’ in the Persian and Urdu languages. Pakistan's land covers some 796,095 km² (307,374 mi²) about the combined land area of France and the United Kingdom. Pakistan shares a land border with Afghanistan, China , India and Iran. The population of Pakistan is 193 million people (193,238,868) as of July 2013. This makes Pakistan the 6th most populous country in the world. Islamabad is the capital of Pakistan, however as of 2013 it was only the 9th largest city in the country with just over 1 million people. The largest city in Pakistan is Karachi which is home to over 13 million people. It is the financial hub of the country and is a major seaport. The Indus area which covers the majority of Pakistan was home to some of the oldest known civilizations. The Neolithic Mehrgarh people and later the Indus Valley Civilisation lived in the ar...